C:\DAB Poa\Seedling\SEEDLING.htm

Dwight Brown
University of Minnesota, Geography Department, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Includes only data for major native grasses of the plains (except for introduced species in Hyder's unpublished work) Sorted: by planting depth/photosynthetic type.

Seedling.xls      11-27-2000
Y = observed      - = not observed    blank indicates no observation
~ = measured from drawing    * = not reported
CN = coleoptile node    SCI = subcoleoptile internode

TAXA Seminal Seminal Advent. Nodal Length Length L. Max. L. Max. SCI + n Plant. Days Reference Remarks

P'syn Primary Lateral Root # Root Coleop. SCI Coleop. SCI Coleop. depth grown ref/crop yr var. Origin

Genus species Type only Root # SCI # (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

Achnatherum hymenoides C3 Y - 2 22 0 22 0 22 1 20 36 Brown1990 CO

Achnatherum hymenoides C3 Y 0 2-4 27-34 5-10 34 10 39 2 40 36 Brown1991 CO

Agropyron cristatum C3 2 0 26 none 26 * 20 14 Hyder 1970 Fairway SD

Agropyron desertorum C3 3 1 34 none 34 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Norden SD

Agropyron desertorum C3 3 1 15 none 15 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Common

Agropyron sibericum C3 2.3 1.1 23 none 23 * 20 22 Hyder 1970 Common SD

Agropyron trichophorum C3 2.3 1.4 33 4 37 * 20 15 Hyder 1970 B??a

Alopecurus Pratensis C3 1 0.5 19 8 27 * 20 14 Hyder 1970 Common CO

Alopecurus Pratensis C3 1 2.3 25 16 41 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Garrison creeping ID

Dichanthelium oligosanthes scribnarianum C3 Y 1-2 1-2 1-3 16-20 3 20 23 6 20 30&46 Brown 1998 46 (1@30) TX (Tischler)

Elymus canadensis C3 1-4 0 0-2 15-22 7-13 22 13 35 10 20 Brown1990 OR

Elymus trachycaulus C3 2 2 19 1 20 * 20 22 Hyder 1970 Common ND

Elytrigia elongata C3 3.7 1 27 none * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Jose

Elytrigia elongata C3 3 0 22 none 22 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Common

Elytrigia elongata C3 1.1 0 39 39 24 30 11 Hyder 1971 Jose ND

Elytrigia elongata C3 4.1 4.5 31 0 31 13 30 35 Hyder 1971 Largo

Elytrigia intermedia C3 1.7 0.7 25 3 28 * 20 20 Hyder 1970 Oahe WA

Elytrigia intermedia C3 2.3 2 25 10 35 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Amur

Elytrigia intermedia C3 3.4 7 37 25 62 10 30 35 Hyder 1971 A-12496

Elytrigia intermedia C3 1.9 0 38 0 38 15 30 13 Hyder 1971 Luna

Elytrigia intermedia C3 2.4 0 3 0 30 10 30 19 Hyder 1971 Amur

Hesperostipa comata C3 Y - 0 0-2 20-32 - 32 0 32 5 20 36 Brown1990

Koleria macrantha C3 Y 1 18 18 1 20 36 Brown 1997

Nassella viridula C3 Y - 0 0-1 16-23 0-3 23 3 23 10 20 36 Brown1990

Pascopyrum smithii C3 3 1 18 none 18 * 20 28 Hyder 1970 Common

Pascopyrum smithii C3 Y - Y 11 4 11 4 15 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Pascopyrum smithii C3 1.2 0.2 46 9 55 21 30 14 Hyder 1971 C-30 CO

Pascopyrum smithii C3 1-5 0 0-7 25-40 0-20 40 20 43 5 40 14 Brown1991 C-30

Poa ampla C3 2.7 1 17 4 21 * 20 21 Hyder 1970 Sherman

Pseudoroegneria spicata C3 1-3 0-1 0-2 15-27 0-11 27 11 38 11 20 36 Brown1990

Pseudoroegneria spicata C3 4-8 0 1-6 7-28 15-42 28 42 45 8 40 36 Brown1991

Nassella
851kb image viridula
34kb image C3 Y 0 2-3 12-32 8-14 32 14 40 6 40 36 Brown1991 some have
intracoleoptile
node with roots.

Andropogon gerardii C4 1-4 0-3 0-1 2-4 15-25 4 25 29 14 20 36 Brown1990

Andropogon gerardii C4 Y Y 5 15 5 15 20 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Andropogon gerardii C4 1-2 8-10 10 * 30 Wynia and Boe

Andropogon gerardii C4 3-4 20-23 23 * 30 Wynia and Boe

Andropogon gerardii C4 6.1 7 180 38 Wynia and Boe

Andropogon hallii C4 Y Y 10 14 10 14 24 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Andropogon hallii C4 1.1 3.8 8 22 30 11 30 35 Hyder 1971 Elida

Andropogon hallii C4 8.7 9 65 38 Wynia and Boe

Bothriochloa saccharoides C4 Y - 1-3 0-1 2-4 16-21 4 21 25 12 20 36 Brown1990

Bothriochloa saccharoides C4 0-1 0-3 0 4-6 24-26 6 26 30 10 20 36 Brown1990

Bouteloua curtipendula C4 1-2 0 0 6-8 17-25 8 25 33 8 20 36 Brown1990

Bouteloua curtipendula C4 Y - N Y 7 18 7 18 25 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Bouteloua curtipendula C4 1 -- 1.3 7 24 31 11 30 19 Hyder 1971 NM-28

Bouteloua curtipendula C4 1 -- 1.5 8 27 35 8 30 25 Hyder 1971 Vaughn

Bouteloua curtipendula C4 6.4 7 60 38 Wynia and Boe

Bouteloua gracilis C4 Y - 0 0-1 2-5 16-21 5 21 26 11 20 36 Brown1990

Bouteloua gracilis C4 Y - 6 14 6 14 20 54 20 Carren et al

Bouteloua gracilis C4 Y 1 1 10 24 34 * 20 22 Hyder 1970 Common

Bouteloua gracilis C4 Y N Y 6 12 6 12 18 ~ 20 Moser & Newman ND

Bouteloua gracilis C4 1 0 0.7 7 24 31 11 30 18 Hyder 1971 NM-118

Bouteloua gracilis C4 1 0 1.3 8 22 30 10 30 20 Hyder 1971 Lovington

Bouteloua hirsuita C4 Y - 0 0 3 18 3 18 21 1 20 36 Brown1990

Buchloe dactyloides C4 Y 0 0-1 3-7 17-21 7 21 24 13 20 36 Brown1990 Texoka

Calimovilfa longifolia C4 Y - Y 8 13 8 13 21 20 20 Maun & Riach

Calimovilfa longifolia C4 8.8 9 60 38 Wynia and Boe

Dactylis glomerata C4 1 -- 5.2 8 15 23 20 30 17 Hyder 1971 A-1801

Digitaria californica C4 Y 0 1 3 5 3 5 * 8 Cable

Digitaria californica C4 1-2 0 1-2 3-5 20-23 5 23 26 10 20 36 Brown1990

Digitaria californica C4 1 0 3-5 4-5 36-40 5 40 43 3 40 36 Brown1991

Eragrostis "cochise" C4 - Y 2-3 1-5 - - - - 4 20 36 Brown1990 seed from Tischler

Eragrostis tricoides C4 Y 2.2 3.5 2-4 18-22 4 22 22 10 20 36 Brown1990

Panicum coloratum C4 Y - 0-6 1-5 2-3 21-26 3 26 28 10 20 36 Brown1990 seed from Tischler

Panicum obtussum C4 1-3 0-4 1-2 2-4 18-21 4 21 23 5 20 36 Brown1991

Panicum obtussum C4 1-2 2-5 0-2 6-10 34-36 6 36 44 3 40 36 Brown1991

Panicum virgatum C4 2-3 * 15 Wynia and Boe

Panicum virgatum C4 Y - 1 0-2 5-7 19-21 7 21 28 3 20 36 Brown1990

Panicum virgatum C4 1.6 5.2 1 7 18 25 20 30 17 Hyder 1971 Grenville

Panicum virgatum C4 4-8 * 30 Wynia and Boe

Panicum virgatum C4 1.3 5.5 1.1 7 21 28 18 30 16 Hyder 1971 A-6606

Panicum virgatum C4 5.7 6 200 38 Wynia and Boe

Panicum virgatum C4 7-11 0 * 45 Wynia and Boe

Paspalum dilatatum C4 1-2 5 2-3 3-4 21-24 4 24 28 2 20 36 Brown1990 seed from Tischler

Schizachyrium scoparium C4 Y Y Y 5 15 5 15 20 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Schizachyrium scoparium C4 Y - 0 0-1 4-5 14-22 5 22 27 6 20 36 Brown1990

Schizachyrium scoparium C4 5.1 5 60 38 Wynia and Boe

Schyzachyrium scoparium C4 Y 1 1 1 5 22 27 3 30 14 Hyder 1971 Pastura

Setaria leucopilia C4 Y 4 2 2 22 4 22 26 1 20 36 Brown1991

Sorghastrum nutans C4 Y Y 8 15 8 15 23 ~ 20 Moser & Newman

Sorghastrum nutans C4 Y - 0 0-1 3-7 14-22 7 22 29 6 20 36 Brown

Sorghastrum nutans C4 1 1-5 2.4 11 21 32 7 30 14 Hyder 1971 Llano

Sorghastrum nutans C4 1 1-3 1.3 8 22 30 3 30 35 Hyder 1971 Llano

Sorghastrum nutans C4 7.9 8 170 38 Wynia and Boe

Sporobolus airoides C4 1 -- 2.3 2 7 9 11 10 17 Hyder 1971 NM-184

Sporobolus airoides C4 Y - 0 1.8 3-8 18-12 7 18 22 10 20 36 Brown1990

Sporobolus cryptandrus C4 Y - 0-2 2 2-3 18-20 3 20 23 2 20 36 Brown1990

Sporobolus giganteus C4 1 -- 2.4 2 8 10 11 10 17 Hyder 1971 A-3577

Sporobolus giganteus C4 - 0 0-1 2-3 20-22 3 22 24 8 20 36 Brown1990

Sporobolus giganteus C4 Y 0 4 40 4 40 44 1 40 36 Brown1991 A-3577

Sporobolus wrightii C4 1 -- 2.1 2 7 9 11 10 16 Hyder 1971 A-3659

Tripsacum dactyloides C4 2 1 22 0 22 0 22 1 20 36 Brown 1997

TAXA			Seminal	Seminal	Advent.	Nodal	Length	Length	L. Max.	L. Max.	SCI +	n	Plant.	Days	Reference	Remarks
		P'syn	Primary	Lateral	Root #	Root	Coleop.	SCI	Coleop.	SCI	Coleop.		depth	grown	ref/crop yr	var.	Origin
Genus	species	Type	only	Root #	SCI	#	(mm)	(mm)	(mm)	(mm)	(mm)		(mm)
Achnatherum	hymenoides	C3	Y		-	2	22	0	22	0	22	1	20	36	Brown1990		CO
Achnatherum	hymenoides	C3	Y		0	2-4	27-34	5-10	34	10	39	2	40	36	Brown1991		CO
Agropyron	cristatum	C3		2		0			26	none	26	*	20	14	Hyder 1970	Fairway	SD
Agropyron	desertorum	C3		3		1			34	none	34	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Norden	SD
Agropyron	desertorum	C3		3		1			15	none	15	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Common
Agropyron	sibericum	C3		2.3		1.1			23	none	23	*	20	22	Hyder 1970	Common	SD
Agropyron	trichophorum	C3		2.3		1.4			33	4	37	*	20	15	Hyder 1970	B??a
Alopecurus	Pratensis	C3		1		0.5			19	8	27	*	20	14	Hyder 1970	Common	CO
Alopecurus	Pratensis	C3		1		2.3			25	16	41	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Garrison creeping	ID
Dichanthelium	oligosanthes scribnarianum	C3	Y		1-2	1-2	1-3	16-20	3	20	23	6	20	30&46	Brown 1998	46 (1@30)	TX (Tischler)
Elymus	canadensis	C3		1-4	0	0-2	15-22	7-13	22	13	35	10	20		Brown1990		OR
Elymus	trachycaulus	C3		2		2			19	1	20	*	20	22	Hyder 1970	Common	ND
Elytrigia	elongata	C3		3.7		1			27	none		*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Jose
Elytrigia	elongata	C3		3		0			22	none	22	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Common
Elytrigia	elongata	C3		1.1		0			39		39	24	30	11	Hyder 1971	Jose	ND
Elytrigia	elongata	C3		4.1		4.5			31	0	31	13	30	35	Hyder 1971	Largo
Elytrigia	intermedia	C3		1.7		0.7			25	3	28	*	20	20	Hyder 1970	Oahe	WA
Elytrigia	intermedia	C3		2.3		2			25	10	35	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Amur
Elytrigia	intermedia	C3		3.4		7			37	25	62	10	30	35	Hyder 1971	A-12496
Elytrigia	intermedia	C3		1.9		0			38	0	38	15	30	13	Hyder 1971	Luna
Elytrigia	intermedia	C3		2.4		0			3	0	30	10	30	19	Hyder 1971	Amur
Hesperostipa	comata	C3	Y	-	0	0-2	20-32	-	32	0	32	5	20	36	Brown1990
Koleria	macrantha	C3	Y			1	18				18	1	20	36	Brown 1997
Nassella	viridula	C3	Y	-	0	0-1	16-23	0-3	23	3	23	10	20	36	Brown1990
Pascopyrum	smithii	C3		3		1			18	none	18	*	20	28	Hyder 1970	Common
Pascopyrum	smithii	C3		Y	-	Y	11	4	11	4	15	~	20		Moser & Newman
Pascopyrum	smithii	C3		1.2		0.2			46	9	55	21	30	14	Hyder 1971	C-30	CO
Pascopyrum	smithii	C3		1-5	0	0-7	25-40	0-20	40	20	43	5	40	14	Brown1991	C-30
Poa	ampla	C3		2.7		1			17	4	21	*	20	21	Hyder 1970	Sherman
Pseudoroegneria	spicata	C3		1-3	0-1	0-2	15-27	0-11	27	11	38	11	20	36	Brown1990
Pseudoroegneria	spicata	C3		4-8	0	1-6	7-28	15-42	28	42	45	8	40	36	Brown1991
Nassella 851kb image	viridula 34kb image	C3	Y		0	2-3	12-32	8-14	32	14	40	6	40	36	Brown1991	some have intracoleoptile node with roots.
Andropogon	gerardii	C4		1-4	0-3	0-1	2-4	15-25	4	25	29	14	20	36	Brown1990
Andropogon	gerardii	C4		Y	Y		5	15	5	15	20	~	20		Moser & Newman
Andropogon	gerardii	C4			1-2			8-10		10		*	30		Wynia and Boe
Andropogon	gerardii	C4			3-4			20-23		23		*	30		Wynia and Boe
Andropogon	gerardii	C4					6.1		7			180	38		Wynia and Boe
Andropogon	hallii	C4		Y	Y		10	14	10	14	24	~	20		Moser & Newman
Andropogon	hallii	C4		1.1		3.8			8	22	30	11	30	35	Hyder 1971	Elida
Andropogon	hallii	C4					8.7		9			65	38		Wynia and Boe
Bothriochloa	saccharoides	C4	Y	-	1-3	0-1	2-4	16-21	4	21	25	12	20	36	Brown1990
Bothriochloa	saccharoides	C4		0-1	0-3	0	4-6	24-26	6	26	30	10	20	36	Brown1990
Bouteloua	curtipendula	C4		1-2	0	0	6-8	17-25	8	25	33	8	20	36	Brown1990
Bouteloua	curtipendula	C4	Y	-	N	Y	7	18	7	18	25	~	20		Moser & Newman
Bouteloua	curtipendula	C4		1	--	1.3			7	24	31	11	30	19	Hyder 1971	NM-28
Bouteloua	curtipendula	C4		1	--	1.5			8	27	35	8	30	25	Hyder 1971	Vaughn
Bouteloua	curtipendula	C4					6.4		7			60	38		Wynia and Boe
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4	Y	-	0	0-1	2-5	16-21	5	21	26	11	20	36	Brown1990
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4	Y	-			6	14	6	14	20	54	20		Carren et al
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4	Y	1		1			10	24	34	*	20	22	Hyder 1970	Common
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4		Y	N	Y	6	12	6	12	18	~	20		Moser & Newman		ND
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4		1	0	0.7			7	24	31	11	30	18	Hyder 1971	NM-118
Bouteloua	gracilis	C4		1	0	1.3			8	22	30	10	30	20	Hyder 1971	Lovington
Bouteloua	hirsuita	C4	Y	-	0	0	3	18	3	18	21	1	20	36	Brown1990
Buchloe	dactyloides	C4	Y		0	0-1	3-7	17-21	7	21	24	13	20	36	Brown1990	Texoka
Calimovilfa	longifolia	C4	Y	-	Y		8	13	8	13	21	20	20		Maun & Riach
Calimovilfa	longifolia	C4					8.8		9			60	38		Wynia and Boe
Dactylis	glomerata	C4		1	--	5.2			8	15	23	20	30	17	Hyder 1971	A-1801
Digitaria	californica	C4	Y		0	1	3	5	3	5		*	8		Cable
Digitaria	californica	C4		1-2	0	1-2	3-5	20-23	5	23	26	10	20	36	Brown1990
Digitaria	californica	C4		1	0	3-5	4-5	36-40	5	40	43	3	40	36	Brown1991
Eragrostis	"cochise"	C4		-	Y	2-3	1-5	-	-	-	-	4	20	36	Brown1990	seed from Tischler
Eragrostis	tricoides	C4	Y		2.2	3.5	2-4	18-22	4	22	22	10	20	36	Brown1990
Panicum	coloratum	C4	Y	-	0-6	1-5	2-3	21-26	3	26	28	10	20	36	Brown1990	seed from Tischler
Panicum	obtussum	C4		1-3	0-4	1-2	2-4	18-21	4	21	23	5	20	36	Brown1991
Panicum	obtussum	C4		1-2	2-5	0-2	6-10	34-36	6	36	44	3	40	36	Brown1991
Panicum	virgatum	C4			2-3							*	15		Wynia and Boe
Panicum	virgatum	C4	Y	-	1	0-2	5-7	19-21	7	21	28	3	20	36	Brown1990
Panicum	virgatum	C4		1.6	5.2	1			7	18	25	20	30	17	Hyder 1971	Grenville
Panicum	virgatum	C4			4-8							*	30		Wynia and Boe
Panicum	virgatum	C4		1.3	5.5	1.1			7	21	28	18	30	16	Hyder 1971	A-6606
Panicum	virgatum	C4					5.7		6			200	38		Wynia and Boe
Panicum	virgatum	C4			7-11						0	*	45		Wynia and Boe
Paspalum	dilatatum	C4		1-2	5	2-3	3-4	21-24	4	24	28	2	20	36	Brown1990	seed from Tischler
Schizachyrium	scoparium	C4	Y		Y	Y	5	15	5	15	20	~	20		Moser & Newman
Schizachyrium	scoparium	C4	Y	-	0	0-1	4-5	14-22	5	22	27	6	20	36	Brown1990
Schizachyrium	scoparium	C4					5.1		5			60	38		Wynia and Boe
Schyzachyrium	scoparium	C4	Y	1	1	1			5	22	27	3	30	14	Hyder 1971	Pastura
Setaria	leucopilia	C4	Y		4	2	2	22	4	22	26	1	20	36	Brown1991
Sorghastrum	nutans	C4		Y	Y		8	15	8	15	23	~	20		Moser & Newman
Sorghastrum	nutans	C4	Y	-	0	0-1	3-7	14-22	7	22	29	6	20	36	Brown
Sorghastrum	nutans	C4		1	1-5	2.4			11	21	32	7	30	14	Hyder 1971	Llano
Sorghastrum	nutans	C4		1	1-3	1.3			8	22	30	3	30	35	Hyder 1971	Llano
Sorghastrum	nutans	C4					7.9		8			170	38		Wynia and Boe
Sporobolus	airoides	C4		1	--	2.3			2	7	9	11	10	17	Hyder 1971	NM-184
Sporobolus	airoides	C4	Y	-	0	1.8	3-8	18-12	7	18	22	10	20	36	Brown1990
Sporobolus	cryptandrus	C4	Y	-	0-2	2	2-3	18-20	3	20	23	2	20	36	Brown1990
Sporobolus	giganteus	C4		1	--	2.4			2	8	10	11	10	17	Hyder 1971	A-3577
Sporobolus	giganteus	C4		-	0	0-1	2-3	20-22	3	22	24	8	20	36	Brown1990
Sporobolus	giganteus	C4	Y		0		4	40	4	40	44	1	40	36	Brown1991	A-3577
Sporobolus	wrightii	C4		1	--	2.1			2	7	9	11	10	16	Hyder 1971	A-3659
Tripsacum	dactyloides	C4		2		1	22	0	22	0	22	1	20	36	Brown 1997